Many Haitian families have lived in the U.S. for over a decade. While filing for asylum late may seem risky, worsening violence and instability in Haiti could qualify as changed conditions — a legal exception to the one-year rule. This guide provides a thorough starting point for filing on your own if you cannot afford legal help.
The first step is understanding what you’re requesting. Asylum protects people in the U.S. who fear returning to their home country due to persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. If this describes your fear of returning to Haiti, you may qualify.
Step 1: Download the Form I-589
The official form to request asylum is Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal. Download both the form and the full instructions.
Step 2: Gather Documents
Collect your identification documents (passport, birth certificate, TPS notices, I-94, prior immigration filings). Then gather any evidence supporting your fear of returning — personal statements, news articles, police reports, affidavits, or reports on violence in Haiti.
Step 3: Prepare Your Declaration
Write a personal narrative that explains your fear. Describe specific experiences that made you flee or fear return — such as being targeted by gangs, harmed because of your politics, or living in fear of sexual violence. Be specific, truthful, and detailed.
Step 4: Submitting the Application
If you are NOT in immigration court, mail the completed I-589 application to the appropriate address based on your state. For Haitian nationals living in Ohio or most states:
Find the current mailing address here.
Include two copies of the form and supporting documents. There is no filing fee for asylum.
Step 5: Biometrics & Tracking
Once USCIS receives your application, you will get a receipt (Form I-797C). Then you’ll be scheduled for a biometrics appointment at a local USCIS office. Save the receipt number to track your case online.
Step 6: Request Help Where Possible
Look for nonprofit legal clinics and organizations offering pro bono support. Even if you file alone, a review of your packet can help you avoid mistakes that may delay or harm your case.
Asylum is not guaranteed, and the process can be long. However, it is still one of the only legal protections available for those fearing return to danger. Filing can also delay deportation and may open the door to a work permit later on.